yield

Bijeenkomst: EGF2015
Auteur: Tremblay G.F., Bélanger G., Simili Da Silva M., Lajeunesse J., Papadopoulos Y.A., Fillmore S.A.E. and Jobim C.C.
ISBN: 978-9090-289-61-8
Jaar van uitgifte: 2015
Producttype: Paper
Herbage with a greater ratio of energy availability to protein degradability increases dairy cow N-use efficiency. We determined the variation in this ratio among 18 binary legume-grass mixtures and 8 complex mixtures combining three or four grass species with one of two legume species. Species included in those two experiments were birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roemer & J.A. Schultes), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Carbohydrate and protein fractions of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and protein system were measured in herbage from two clippings of the first post-seeding year at two sites in eastern Canada. The water soluble carbohydrate to crude protein ratio ranged from 0.39 to 0.70 among binary mixtures and from 0.64 to 1.04 among complex mixtures, while the ratio of non-structural carbohydrates to non-protein N and rapidly degradable proteins ranged from 3.62 to 5.28 and from 4.33 to 5.64, respectively. Our results confirm the possibility of improving the balance between energy and proteins through the choice of species in legume-grass mixtures.

Bijeenkomst: EGF2015
Auteur: Cernoch V. and Groenbaek O.
ISBN: 978-9090-289-61-8
Jaar van uitgifte: 2015
Producttype: Paper
Festulolium (× Festulolium) has been listed as a grass genus on the European list of Plant Varieties since 2004. DLF-Trifolium has made many trials with Festulolium varieties under different managements and climatic conditions across Europe. Results of these trials show the benefits of Festulolium and give a basis for recommendations on how to use varieties either as pure crops or in mixtures in various European regions.

Bijeenkomst: EGF2015
Auteur: Deru J., Van Schooten H., Huiting H. and Van der Weide R.
ISBN: 978-9090-289-61-8
Jaar van uitgifte: 2015
Producttype: Paper
Maize (Zea mays) cultivation for silage has negative impacts on soil and water quality: reduced soil organic matter, nitrate leaching, soil-biota decline, etc. These problems can be caused partly by intensive soil tillage, like ploughing. The suitability of less-intensive tillage alternatives for farmers, in terms of effects on yield and soil quality, is unknown. On three field experiments, two on sandy soils and one on marine clay soil, we compared ‘full-field inversion tillage’ with two reduced tillage systems: ‘full-field non-inversion tillage’ and ‘strip-cutter’. Reducing tillage intensity in silage maize cropping influenced both yields and soil quality: at two locations yields tended to be reduced, and at two locations soil organic matter content was lower in inversion tillage compared to reduced tillage. The possible implications of reduced soil organic matter mineralisation for nitrogen dynamics are discussed.

Bijeenkomst: EGF2015
Auteur: Elgersma A. and Søegaard K.
ISBN: 978-9090-289-61-8
Jaar van uitgifte: 2015
Producttype: Paper
Inclusion of legumes in grasslands could enhance N-use efficiency of forage production. Performance of 7 binary grass-legume mixtures was studied to examine companion species with contrasting attributes. Perennial ryegrass (PR) was sown alone and with each of four forage legumes: red clover (RC), birdsfoot trefoil (BT), lucerne (LU) and white clover (WC); WC was sown with each of four companion grasses: PR, hybrid ryegrass (HR), meadow fescue (MF) and timothy (TI). Mixtures were studied in a smallplot (1.5×8 m) cutting trial with 4 replications in Denmark to test the effect of species composition on herbage yield, contents of nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Plots were fertilised with 300 kg N ha‑1 from cattle slurry and harvested five times from May to October in year 1 and four times in year 2. With different companion grasses, the WC proportion was similar in mixtures with HR and MF, which had a lower WC content than with PR and TI. Annual herbage yield was highest for PR/RC (15.6 Mg DM ha‑1) which had, on average, the highest legume proportion of DM, the highest N content (33 g N kg‑1 DM) and the highest N yield (505 kg N ha‑1) across both years. The mixture with the lowest values was PR/BT (9.6 Mg DM ha‑1; 25 g N kg‑1 DM; 243 kg N ha1). PR/RC had the lowest concentration of NDF (375 g kg‑1 DM) and pure PR the highest (437 g kg‑1 DM). IVOMD ranged from 730 g kg‑1 organic matter (OM) in PR/LU to 774 g kg‑1 OM in WC/HR. Choice of companion grass had less effects than that of companion legume in the examined mixtures. Red clover contributed most to N yield.

Bijeenkomst: EGF2015
Auteur: Enríquez-Hidalgo D., Gilliland T.J. and Hennessy D.
ISBN: 978-9090-289-61-8
Jaar van uitgifte: 2015
Producttype: Paper
The objective of the experiment was to evaluate herbage removed (HR) and sward clover content in grass-only (GO) and grass-white clover (GW) swards under frequent tight grazing conditions. A series of grazing plots (8×8 m) were established as a 2-sward (GO and GW) × 5-fertilizer N rate (0, 60, 120, 196, 240 kg N ha‑1) experiment. Measurements were taken from 2010 to 2013. Dairy cows grazed swards 8-10 times yr‑1 to a target post-grazing sward height of 4 cm. GW swards had 14-46% greater (P

Bijeenkomst: EGF2015
Auteur: Grygierzec B., Szewczyk W. and Musiał K.
ISBN: 978-9090-289-61-8
Jaar van uitgifte: 2015
Producttype: Paper
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sulphur fertilization on the rate of photosynthesis and yield of hybrid ryegrass (Lolium × boucheanum) grown in monoculture and mixture with white clover (Trifolium repens). The study was conducted in a split-plot design with four replications. Soil conditions were degraded chernozem formed from loess. The fertilization scheme was 50 and 100 kg N ha‑1, 35 kg P ha‑1, 83 kg K ha‑1, and sulphur at 5, 10 and 15 kg S ha‑1. The intensity of photosynthesis was measured in each regrowth at weekly intervals using a portable gas analyser (Li-Cor 6400). Plants were mown 3 times during the growing season. Both nitrogen and nitrogen-with-sulphur fertilization positively influenced the rate of photosynthesis in each regrowth. Sulphur fertilization compared to nitrogen fertilization increased the rate of photosynthesis in hybrid ryegrass grown in monoculture. Total dry matter yields of hybrid ryegrass grown in monoculture were lower than in mixture with white clover, irrespective of the amount of nitrogen or nitrogen-and-sulphur fertilization. The biggest difference in yields between the monoculture and the mixture was found with 100 kg N and 15 kg S ha‑1. The smallest difference was shown in treatments fertilized with 50 kg N and 5 kg S ha‑1.